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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
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Collagen cross-links reduce corneal permeability.

Jay M Stewart1, David S Schultz, On-Tat Lee

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0730, USA. stewartj@vision.ucsf.edu

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Increased nonenzymatic cross-links in corneas significantly reduce hydraulic conductivity and solute permeability. This suggests age-related cross-linking impacts corneal function.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Corneal Physiology

Background:

  • Nonenzymatic cross-linking contributes to tissue stiffening and altered function with age.
  • Understanding corneal cross-linking is crucial for diagnosing and treating vision disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between corneal permeability and nonenzymatic cross-link density.
  • To model the impact of increased cross-linking on corneal hydraulic conductivity and solute diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine corneas were treated with methylglyoxal to induce varying levels of nonenzymatic cross-linking.
  • Cross-link density was quantified using papain digest and fluorescence spectrophotometry.
  • Corneal hydraulic conductivity and fluorescein permeability were measured using Ussing-type chambers and static diffusion chambers.

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Main Results:

  • Methylglyoxal treatment successfully increased nonenzymatic cross-link content in corneas.
  • Specific hydraulic conductivity and fluorescein permeability coefficient decreased nonlinearly with increasing cross-link density.
  • Results indicate diffusion impedance due to elevated cross-linking.

Conclusions:

  • Nonenzymatic cross-link density in porcine corneas can be significantly increased by methylglyoxal treatment.
  • Increased cross-linking leads to a nonlinear reduction in corneal permeability and hydraulic conductivity.
  • This model highlights the potential impact of age-related cross-linking accumulation on corneal function.