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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview

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Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry
11:54

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 13, 2019

Cellular immune responses to BK virus.

Patrizia Comoli1, Hans H Hirsch, Fabrizio Ginevri

  • 1Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cellular immunity is crucial for controlling persistent viral infections like Polyomavirus BK (BKV) after kidney transplants. Understanding BKV-specific immunity aids in managing BKV-associated nephropathy and developing new treatments.

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Published on: March 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Cellular immunity defects increase viral disease severity post-transplantation.
  • Polyomavirus BK (BKV) is a significant cause of nephropathy in kidney allograft recipients.
  • Cell-mediated immunity plays a key role in maintaining BKV latency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of BKV-specific immunity.
  • To highlight the role of cellular immunity in controlling BKV infection.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent immunological studies on BKV.
  • Analysis of cell-mediated immune responses to BKV.
  • Discussion of BKV-specific T-cell responses.

Main Results:

  • Cell-mediated immunity is critical for controlling BKV replication.
  • Immune responses to BKV are essential for recovery from BKV disease.
  • Pioneer work suggests specific cellular immunity patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Further research using advanced immunological techniques is needed.
  • Understanding BKV-specific immunity will improve patient management.
  • Development of immunotherapeutic approaches for BKV infection is a future goal.