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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Cachexia, survival and the acute phase response.

Nathan A Stephens1, Richard J E Skipworth, Kenneth C H Fearon

  • 1Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cytokines drive the acute phase response (APR) and cancer cachexia, impacting patient survival. Understanding these links aids in predicting outcomes and managing this common clinical challenge.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cachexia affects up to two-thirds of cancer patients, causing significant loss of adipose and lean body mass.
  • The acute phase response (APR), characterized by elevated C-reactive protein, is observed in half of cancer patients at diagnosis.
  • Cytokines play a crucial role in initiating the APR and are implicated in the development of cachexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the relationship between cytokines, the acute phase response (APR), and cancer cachexia.
  • To explore the causes and consequences of the APR in the context of cancer cachexia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific knowledge.
  • Analysis of the role of cytokines in APR and cachexia.
  • Examination of prognostic scoring systems based on APR.

Main Results:

  • Cytokines central to APR initiation are also key in cachexia development.
  • Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and APR are linked to adverse outcomes and reduced survival in cancer patients.
  • Host cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with cachexia development and decreased patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • Cachexia is a major clinical problem in cancer, resulting from anorexia and metabolic changes.
  • The APR is a significant indicator of adverse outcomes and shortened survival in cancer patients.
  • Understanding cytokine-APR interactions is vital for predicting survival and managing cancer cachexia.