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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Endonucleolytic RNA cleavage by a eukaryotic exosome.

Alice Lebreton1, Rafal Tomecki, Andrzej Dziembowski

  • 1Equipe Labellisée La Ligue, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 2167, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Nature
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The eukaryotic exosome, a key RNA processing machine, possesses both endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic activities. These dual functions, mediated by the Dis3 subunit, are crucial for cellular RNA regulation and survival.

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A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases
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A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases

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Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 11, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases
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A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases

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Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
09:20

Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The exosome is a vital eukaryotic nuclease involved in RNA processing, quality control, and turnover.
  • It functions as a 3' to 5' exonuclease with a nine-subunit ring structure.
  • Previous studies indicated inactive ring structures in eukaryotes, with activity attributed solely to the RNB domain of Dis3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the catalytic activities of the eukaryotic exosome core.
  • To determine the role of the Dis3 subunit's PIN domain in exosome function.
  • To elucidate the combined contribution of endo- and exonucleolytic activities in RNA metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays to assess enzymatic activities.
  • Analysis of yeast strains with inactivated exosome core domains.
  • Phenotypic analysis of yeast growth under specific genetic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Yeast Dis3 exhibits both endoribonuclease (PIN domain) and exonuclease (RNB domain) activities.
  • Simultaneous inactivation of both activities leads to a synthetic growth defect in vivo.
  • The PIN domain's endonucleolytic activity contributes to the cleavage of natural exosome substrates independently of exonucleolytic degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic exosome cores possess both endo- and exonucleolytic activities, mediated by distinct domains of the Dis3 subunit.
  • The findings challenge current models of exosome function, highlighting the cooperation of multiple ribonucleolytic activities.
  • A reconsideration of the exosome's role in RNA processing and degradation is warranted, incorporating its dual catalytic capabilities.