Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-Dose Pulse Glucocorticoid Treatment Prevents White Matter Spinal Cord Pseudoatrophy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis.

Annals of neurology·2025
Same author

The epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis of MS: Therapeutic implications.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·2025
Same author

Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: genetic, environmental and random mechanisms.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2024
Same author

Multiple sclerosis: Exploring the limits and implications of genetic and environmental susceptibility.

PloS one·2023
Same author

Remote Observational Research for Multiple Sclerosis: A Natural Experiment.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2022
Same author

Reply to "Spinal Cord Atrophy Is a Preclinical Marker of Progressive MS".

Annals of neurology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: update and clinical implications.

Douglas S Goodin1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. douglas.goodin@ucsf.edu

Neurology
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Comparing multiple sclerosis therapies requires careful analysis. While head-to-head trials are ideal, cross-trial comparisons using relative risk and number-needed-to-treat can guide efficacy assessments for disease-modifying treatments.

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Clinical Therapeutics
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment landscape is evolving with new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).
  • Comparing efficacy across different clinical trials is challenging due to varying patient populations and study periods.
  • Bias towards newer agents may arise from trials enrolling patients with less active disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate methods for comparing the efficacy of established and novel MS DMTs.
  • To address the limitations of cross-trial comparisons in assessing treatment effectiveness.
  • To provide reliable conclusions on the relative efficacy of different MS therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical trial data for established and newer MS DMTs.
  • Utilized cross-trial comparison methods, including relative risk and number-needed-to-treat (NNT).
  • Assessed the validity of cross-trial comparisons when relative risk and NNT measures agree.

Main Results:

  • High-dose subcutaneous interferon-beta (IFN β)-1a or IFN β-1b demonstrated superior outcomes compared to weekly intramuscular IFN β-1a.
  • High-dose subcutaneous IFN β therapies showed comparable clinical efficacy to glatiramer acetate.
  • Subcutaneous IFN β exhibited advantages over glatiramer acetate in specific MRI outcome measures.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-trial comparisons using relative risk and NNT can be a useful, albeit imperfect, tool for assessing MS DMT efficacy.
  • High-dose subcutaneous IFN β therapies represent a significant treatment option for MS, with specific advantages over other agents.
  • Further head-to-head trials are valuable but cross-trial analyses provide essential insights into comparative effectiveness.