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Related Concept Videos

The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
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Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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Related Experiment Video

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Reconstruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro to Model and Therapeutically Target Neurological Disease
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Blood-brain barrier function in intracerebral hemorrhage.

R F Keep1, J Xiang, S R Ennis

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA. rkeep@umich.edu

Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement
|December 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, leading to brain injury. Targeting multiple pathways or common pathways may prevent ICH-induced BBB disruption.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a key feature of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury.
  • BBB disruption contributes to edema, leukocyte infiltration, and entry of neuroactive substances into the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on BBB dysfunction following ICH.
  • To explore factors contributing to BBB disruption and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on BBB dysfunction in ICH.
  • Analysis of factors implicated in BBB disruption, including inflammatory mediators, thrombin, and oxidative stress.

Main Results:

  • ICH-induced BBB disruption involves multiple factors like cytokines, thrombin, and matrix metalloproteinases.
  • While passive permeability changes are well-studied, effects on BBB transport and metabolic functions are less understood.
  • ICH may affect BBB transport, potentially offering protection in smaller hemorrhages.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing ICH-induced BBB disruption may require targeting multiple pathways or a common end pathway.
  • BBB disruption's role in ICH may be context-dependent, potentially beneficial in small bleeds but detrimental in larger ones.