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Radiation-stability of smectite.

Stéphanie Sorieul1, Thierry Allard, Lumin M Wang

  • 1Laboratoire Pierre Süe, UMR 9956 CEA-CNRS, 91191 Gif/Yvette cedex, France. sorieul@cenbg.in2p3.fr

Environmental Science & Technology
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

High-level nuclear waste disposal requires understanding clay behavior under radiation. Alpha decay amorphizes clays at lower doses than ionizing radiation, but damage is limited unless waste packages breach.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials science
  • Geochemistry
  • Nuclear engineering

Background:

  • Geological repositories for nuclear waste require robust backfill materials.
  • Clays like smectite are proposed, but their response to intense radiation is not fully understood.
  • Radiation can cause clay amorphization, altering critical properties like sorption and water retention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the amorphization of smectites under electron and heavy ion irradiation.
  • To determine the effect of temperature on radiation-induced clay amorphization.
  • To compare the amorphization efficiency of ionizing radiation versus alpha decay events.

Main Methods:

  • Electron and heavy ion irradiations of smectites to simulate radiation effects.
  • Variable temperature experiments to study amorphization dose.
  • Analysis of amorphization dose dependence on temperature and radiation type.

Main Results:

  • A novel bell-shaped temperature dependence of amorphization dose was identified.
  • Maximum amorphization occurs at 300-400°C, enhanced by dehydroxylation.
  • Alpha decay events amorphize clays at significantly lower doses (0.13-0.16 DPA) than ionizing radiation (10^10-10^11 Gy).

Conclusions:

  • Alpha decay poses a greater amorphization risk to clays than ionizing radiation at relevant doses.
  • Temperature significantly influences clay amorphization, with peak sensitivity around 300-400°C.
  • Clay amorphization is unlikely unless waste packages fail and actinides sorb onto the clay backfill.