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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
03:08

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization

Published on: October 3, 2025

[Targets, pathways and molecules].

A Méjean1, T Lebret

  • 1Service d'Urologie, Université Paris Descartes, France. arnaud.mejean@nck.aphp.fr

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer progresses via uncontrolled cell signaling pathways. Targeting key molecules like VEGF or proteins in pathways such as RAS/MEK/ERK offers opportunities for developing effective cancer therapies.

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A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
03:08

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization

Published on: October 3, 2025

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Signaling

Context:

  • Human malignancies are characterized by dysregulated cellular signal transduction.
  • Key signaling molecules, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), interact with membrane receptors to initiate intracellular cascades.
  • Aberrant activation of pathways like RAS/MEK/ERK contributes to uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression.
  • To identify critical targets within cellular signal transduction pathways for therapeutic intervention.
  • To provide a framework for the development of targeted cancer therapies.

Summary:

  • Cellular signal transduction pathways, involving molecules like VEGF binding to receptors, control cytoplasmic protein production.
  • Uncontrolled activation of these pathways, exemplified by RAS/MEK/ERK, drives the progression of human malignancies.
  • This understanding allows for the definition of specific molecular targets—receptors, molecules, or proteins—for drug development.

Impact:

  • Enables the rational design of targeted therapies for various human cancers.
  • Facilitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies focused on molecular targets.
  • Advances the field of precision medicine by offering specific treatment approaches.