An improved flow system for chloride determination in natural waters exploiting solid-phase reactor and long...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Chemistry

Background:

• Chloride ion determination is crucial for water quality assessment.
• Existing spectrophotometric methods may lack sensitivity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a highly sensitive and efficient spectrophotometric method for chloride ion determination.
• To utilize a commuted flow system with a long optical path and solid-phase reactor.

Main Methods:

• A commuted flow system with a 100cm optical path flow cell was employed.
• A solid-phase reactor with immobilized silver chloranilate was used for AgCl formation.
• Spectrophotometric monitoring of released chloranilate ions at 530nm.

Main Results:

• The proposed method achieved a 75-fold increase in analytical signals and a 12-fold increase in sensitivity compared to a 1cm flow cell.
• A linear range of 0.5-100 mg/L for chloride determination was established.
• High sample throughput (80h⁻¹) and low waste generation (ca. 100ng chloranilate ions/determination) were achieved.
• Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 1.1% (n=20).

Conclusions:

• The developed method is sensitive, rapid, and efficient for chloride determination in natural water samples.
• Results obtained using the proposed method showed excellent agreement with a reference method.
• This technique offers a valuable tool for environmental water quality monitoring.