CE with LED-based detection: an update

CE detectors based on LEDs as light sources are attracting considerable attention and having increasing applications. They show excellent stable output with less energy consumption, have long lifetime, and are low-cost, small in size, and able to work at various wavelengths. This review updates our last review article published in 2007 (Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 233-242) and focuses on the development and application of CE detectors based on LEDs reported in recent years. It describes the exciting new approaches and improved techniques. Three configurations of absorption and fluorescence detection techniques including right-angle-type, collinear-type, and optical-fiber fluorescence detector are introduced and compared. Lastly, it also discusses their applications and future perspectives in this field.