Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

What is Climate?

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.

Microbes and Climate Change

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

Precipitation Processes

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

Heating and Cooling Curves

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...

Linear Approximations

Linear Approximations

For a differentiable function of two variables, linear approximation estimates values near a known point by replacing the curved surface with its tangent plane. Consider the function\begin{equation*}f(x,y)=x^2+3y^2\end{equation*}near the point (2, 1). The exact value at this point is f(2, 1) = 22 + 3(1)2 = 4 + 3 = 7.The linear approximation of f(x, y)) near (a, b) is\begin{equation*}L(x,y)=f(a,b)+f_x(a,b)(x-a)+f_y(a,b)(y-b)\end{equation*}First, compute the partial derivatives: fx(x, y) = 2x and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Weaker and more frequent Mediterranean sea breezes in a warming climate.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Climate and society as one: a (de)coupling future for escalating climate challenges.

Science bulletin·2026

Same author

Multilayer Vertical Interactions of Air Pollution and Meteorological Drivers Revealed by a Unified Data-Driven Model.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same author

Greater role of atmospheric circulation than evapotranspiration in reshaping terrestrial moisture recycling.

Science bulletin·2025

Same author

Multiscale drought dataset for the Greater Antilles: a resource for environmental and adaptation studies.

Scientific data·2025

Same author

Assessing future changes in tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin through dynamical downscaling.

iScience·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO₂ Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Published on: December 12, 2025

Advances in urban climate modeling.

Julia Hidalgo¹, Valéry Masson, Alexander Baklanov

¹Universidad de Vigo, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Ourense, Spain. jhidalgo@labein.es

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines how urban areas impact atmospheric thermodynamics and air pollution. It details the urban microclimate, including the urban heat island effect, and advances in air quality modeling.

More Related Videos

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO₂ Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Published on: December 12, 2025

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Area of Science:

Atmospheric Science
Urban Climatology
Environmental Science

Background:

Cities influence atmospheric processes across various scales, from global climate to local microclimates.
Understanding urban-atmosphere interactions is crucial for addressing climate change and air quality issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the influence of cities on atmospheric thermodynamics and airborne pollutant transport.
To analyze the physical processes characterizing urban microclimate and air pollution.
To provide an overview of advances in urban climatology and air quality modeling.

Main Methods:

Literature review of urban climatology and air pollution studies.
Analysis of physical processes affecting urban meteorology.
Discussion of urban heat island effects and pollutant transport.

Main Results:

Cities significantly alter local atmospheric thermodynamics and meteorology.
The urban heat island effect is a key small-scale impact.
Urban areas influence the transport and concentration of airborne pollutants.

Conclusions:

Urban development has profound effects on the local atmosphere and air quality.
Further research and advanced modeling are essential for managing urban climate and pollution.