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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Inflammatory myopathy in hemiatrophy resulting from linear scleroderma.

R F Richardson1, B Katirji, M S Rodgers

  • 1From the Department of *Nerology and dagger Pathology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.

Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Linear scleroderma causes hemiatrophy, a rare condition with unknown origins. This study details a patient experiencing inflammatory myopathy alongside hemiatrophy linked to linear scleroderma.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Linear scleroderma is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by localized sclerotic skin changes.
  • Hemiatrophy, a potential complication, involves the underdevelopment or wasting of one side of the body.
  • The etiology of linear scleroderma and its association with hemiatrophy remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case study of a patient with hemiatrophy secondary to linear scleroderma.
  • To investigate the potential link between inflammatory myopathy and hemiatrophy in the context of linear scleroderma.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of a patient with linear scleroderma and hemiatrophy.
  • Review of relevant medical literature on linear scleroderma, hemiatrophy, and inflammatory myopathies.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with hemiatrophy and concurrent inflammatory myopathy.
  • Diagnostic findings supported the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy in the affected hemiatrophic region.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory myopathy may be an underrecognized complication of hemiatrophy associated with linear scleroderma.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathogenesis and clinical implications of this association.