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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Phylogeny01:28

Microbial Phylogeny

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Phylogenetic Trees03:21

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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
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A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

Molecular phylogenetics: testing evolutionary hypotheses.

David A Walsh1, Adrian K Sharma

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular phylogenetics uses DNA and protein sequences to reconstruct evolutionary trees for organisms and genes. This method is crucial for understanding phage evolution and mosaic genome structures.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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12:00

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Published on: February 5, 2014

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Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
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Published on: August 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Investigating evolutionary relationships often relies on comparing DNA or protein sequences to infer evolutionary trees.
  • Molecular phylogenetics is a key method for studying phage evolution due to limited morphological features.
  • Phage genomes can be mosaic, exhibiting diverse evolutionary histories for different genes via lateral gene transfer or recombination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the theory and methodology of molecular phylogenetics for reconstructing evolutionary relationships.
  • To demonstrate how to compare evolutionary histories of different genes within genomes.
  • To provide an example using T4-type phage genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of extant DNA or protein sequences.
  • Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from molecular data.
  • Examination of gene-specific evolutionary histories within a set of genomes.

Main Results:

  • Molecular phylogenetics offers a powerful approach to study phage evolution and genome mosaicism.
  • Comparative analysis reveals differing evolutionary trajectories for genes within the same phage genomes.
  • The study provides a framework for analyzing complex phage evolutionary histories.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular phylogenetics is essential for understanding phage evolutionary relationships and genome architecture.
  • The methodology can identify and analyze mosaic genome structures resulting from genetic exchange.
  • This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of viral evolution and diversity.