Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Factors affecting dialysis duration in children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2023

Same author

The importance of extra-renal involvement in the hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2022

Same author

Acute renal failure in the newborn.

Seminars in perinatology·2004

Same author

Acute renal failure.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2002

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Acute kidney injury in children.

Sharon Phillips Andreoli¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA. sandreol@iupui.edu

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing concern in children, often caused by multiple factors. Current treatments for AKI are disappointing, highlighting the need for better understanding and early detection methods.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Nephrology
Critical Care Medicine
Renal Pathophysiology

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly acute renal failure, involves elevated creatinine and impaired fluid/electrolyte balance.
AKI incidence in children is rising, with causes shifting to multifactorial issues, especially in hospitalized youth.
Genetic predispositions may increase susceptibility to AKI in some children.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children.
To discuss the changing etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric AKI.
To identify areas for future research in pediatric AKI.

Main Methods:

Literature review of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric populations.

More Related Videos

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

Analysis of historical trends in AKI causes and diagnostic approaches.

Evaluation of current therapeutic interventions and their efficacy.

Main Results:

The causes of pediatric AKI have evolved towards multifactorial origins, impacting hospitalized children significantly.
Established interventions like 'renal-dose dopamine' and diuretics have not improved AKI outcomes.
Prognosis is tied to the underlying cause, with long-term risks of kidney disease following AKI.

Conclusions:

Pediatric AKI is complex, with disappointing therapeutic outcomes attributed to intricate pathophysiology and insensitive biomarkers.
Further research into AKI pathophysiology, early biomarkers, and improved classification is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Children with AKI face a risk of developing chronic kidney disease later in life.