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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow
10:49

Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow

Published on: April 11, 2025

How to make a long forehead more aesthetic.

Bahman Guyuron1, David J Rowe

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Aesthetic Surgery Journal
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical correction effectively addresses long forehead concerns. Procedures range from endoscopic to open lifts and shortening, tailored to forehead length severity for optimal facial aesthetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Aesthetics
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Facial aesthetics are often evaluated by dividing the face into thirds.
  • A long forehead can create an appearance of disproportion, aging, and reduced attractiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present surgical options for correcting a long forehead.
  • To offer data on surgical correction of forehead length.

Main Methods:

  • Patients were grouped by forehead length severity: mild, moderate, and severe.
  • Mild cases received endoscopic forehead lifts.
  • Moderate cases underwent open forehead lifts, and severe cases had open forehead shortening procedures.

Main Results:

  • 755 patients (702 women, 53 men) were analyzed with 1-8 year follow-up.
  • 438 endoscopic lifts, 297 open lifts, and 20 forehead shortening procedures were performed.
  • All patient groups achieved successful forehead rejuvenation with minor complications like alopecia and delayed healing.

Conclusions:

  • Various surgical techniques can achieve optimal forehead proportions.
  • Treatment selection depends on the severity of forehead excess.
  • Procedures are designed to reduce forehead length and improve facial balance.