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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
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Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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Protocol for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Within the Clinical Range Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy.

Pin Dong1, Kezheng Li1, David J Rowe2

  • 1School of Physics Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) offers a rapid, specific alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). A novel method effectively removes serum background interference, enabling precise drug quantification for faster clinical decisions.

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An Integrated Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Platform to Study Single-Cell Drug Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial for optimizing patient treatment.
  • Current LC-MS/MS methods for TDM are laboratory-based, leading to delays in results.
  • Rapid, point-of-care TDM methods are needed to improve clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based method for TDM.
  • To overcome the challenge of strong endogenous serum component absorption in FTIR spectroscopy.
  • To demonstrate precise quantification of drugs in human serum using FTIR.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a versatile background removal approach for serum constituents (lipids, proteins, water-soluble substances).
  • Utilized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for drug analysis.
  • Quantified phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug, in human serum samples.

Main Results:

  • Successfully removed background interference from endogenous serum components.
  • Achieved precise quantification of phenytoin at clinically relevant levels (10 μg/mL).
  • Demonstrated the potential of FTIR for efficient and rapid TDM.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FTIR approach provides an efficient and precise method for TDM.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of traditional lab-based analyses.
  • The methodology is applicable to other drug sensing techniques facing similar background interferences.