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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Aging of the bony orbit: a three-dimensional computed tomographic study.

David M Kahn¹, Robert B Shaw

¹Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.

Aesthetic Surgery Journal

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Facial aging alters bony orbit dimensions, increasing orbital aperture width and area. These age-related changes in orbital bone structure impact the appearance of the aged eye and influence cosmetic surgery techniques.

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Published on: October 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Anatomy
Gerontology
Plastic Surgery

Background:

Facial aging involves changes in soft tissue and bony structures.
The orbit's shape, size, and volume are affected by aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in specific bony aspects of the orbit in males and females.
To determine the impact of these bony changes on facial cosmetic surgery techniques.

Main Methods:

Computed tomography (CT) scans of 60 white subjects (30 male, 30 female) across three age categories.
Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction with volume rendering of facial bones.
Measurement of orbital aperture width, area, and orbital rim dimensions using specific anatomical landmarks.

Main Results:

Orbital aperture width and area significantly increased with age in both genders.
Superior orbital rim showed medial recession with age in both males and females.
Inferior orbital rim receded laterally in females and throughout in males.

Conclusions:

Bony orbital elements undergo significant age-related alterations.
These bony changes, combined with soft tissue aging, contribute to the aged appearance of the eye and orbit.
Understanding these changes is crucial for effective facial cosmetic surgery.