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Characteristics of transformational leadership development programs: A scoping review
Sarah V C Lawrason1, Robert B Shaw1, Jennifer Turnnidge2
1University of British Columbia Okanagan School of Health & Exercise Sciences, 1147 Research Rd., Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Evaluation and Program Planning
|August 23, 2023
Summary
This review analyzed transformational leadership (TFL) training programs, finding inconsistent reporting and evaluation methods. Standardizing program design and assessment is crucial for enhancing leader development and replicability.
Area of Science:
- Leadership Studies
- Organizational Psychology
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Transformational leadership (TFL) is recognized for its positive impact on various outcomes.
- Numerous training programs aim to cultivate TFL behaviors in leaders.
- A comprehensive review of TFL training program characteristics was lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically examine the characteristics, reporting standards, and application of TFL-informed training programs.
- To identify commonalities and disparities in TFL program design and evaluation.
- To provide recommendations for improving the transparency and replicability of TFL interventions.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search across six databases identified 31 relevant studies.
- Program characteristics were assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.
- Outcomes were evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model of evaluation.
Main Results:
- Healthcare was the most frequent implementation context (n=9).
- Programs were tailored, often using group workshops and individual feedback.
- Reporting on program details (location, modifications, fidelity) was often inadequate, with varied evaluation methods and limited follow-up assessments.
Conclusions:
- Inconsistent conceptualizations and reporting of TFL programs hinder transparency and replicability.
- Utilizing standardized reporting tools like the TIDieR checklist is recommended for evaluation specialists.
- Developing common frameworks for TFL program planning and evaluation is essential for future research and practice.
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