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Related Concept Videos

Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

Overview
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Sex Linked Disorders01:43

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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Published on: April 4, 2018

On identification problems requiring linked autosomal markers.

Thore Egeland1, Nuala Sheehan

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway. Thore.Egeland@medisin.uio.no

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Linked autosomal markers can resolve ambiguous DNA relationships in forensic genetics, overcoming limitations of independent markers. Advanced analysis using freeware like MERLIN and R demonstrates practical applications for accurate pedigree identification.

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Published on: October 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Genetics
  • Population Genetics
  • Statistical Genetics

Background:

  • DNA marker data presents challenges in resolving certain familial relationships like grandparent-grandchild, uncle-niece, and half-sibs due to coinciding likelihoods with independently segregating loci.
  • Traditional forensic DNA identification markers often cannot distinguish between these similarly related individuals, as likelihood ratios between hypotheses become unity.
  • Prior information, such as age, can offer some resolution, but a more robust solution is needed for definitive relationship identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of linked autosomal markers for resolving ambiguous DNA-based relationship identification problems in forensic genetics.
  • To derive and analyze formulas for linked markers to understand their resolving power in distinguishing closely related individuals.
  • To evaluate the practical application of these methods using simulation experiments and available freeware.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of explicit formulas for linked autosomal markers to quantify their resolving power.
  • Extension of formulas to independent pairs of linked markers.
  • Simulation experiments using a range of scenarios to assess the effectiveness of linked markers.
  • Application of the Lander-Green algorithm for analyses involving multiple markers.
  • Utilizing freeware packages MERLIN and R for statistical analysis and simulations.

Main Results:

  • Linked autosomal markers can effectively distinguish between relationships that are ambiguous with independently segregating markers.
  • Explicit formulas demonstrate how marker linkage influences likelihood calculations for relationship identification.
  • Simulation experiments confirm that useful and accurate results can be obtained using linked autosomal markers.
  • The Lander-Green algorithm is suitable for analyzing data with multiple linked markers.

Conclusions:

  • Linked autosomal markers are crucial for advancing forensic genetics, particularly in resolving complex relationship identifications.
  • Existing laboratory technologies and freeware (MERLIN, R) are sufficient for implementing these advanced analyses.
  • Further attention should be given to the application of linked autosomal markers in forensic identification.