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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

Real-time forensic DNA analysis at a crime scene using a portable microchip analyzer.

Peng Liu¹, Stephanie H I Yeung, Karin A Crenshaw

¹UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Forensic Science International. Genetics

|December 17, 2008

Summary

A novel lab-on-a-chip system enables rapid, real-time forensic analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiles. This portable device achieved accurate human identification from minimal DNA samples at a mock crime scene within hours.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Traditional forensic DNA analysis is time-consuming.
Real-time analysis at crime scenes is highly desirable for rapid identification.
Existing technologies often lack portability and speed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an integrated lab-on-a-chip system for real-time forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis.
To assess the system's performance with minimal DNA quantities and its applicability in field conditions.
To demonstrate the feasibility of on-site DNA typing for immediate human identification.

Main Methods:

Development of a microdevice with integrated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactor, microvalves, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) channel.
Optimization of a 9-plex autosomal STR typing system for amelogenin and eight CODIS core loci.
Real-time STR analysis of control DNA and mock crime scene samples, including field testing with mock evidence collection and DNA extraction.

Main Results:

The lab-on-a-chip system achieved reproducible STR profiles in 2.5 hours with high allele typing accuracy (<0.8 bp).
A complete DNA profile was obtainable from as little as 100 DNA copies.
Successful on-site STR analysis at a mock crime scene generated a "mock" CODIS hit within 6 hours.

Conclusions:

The developed portable microsystem is capable of rapid and accurate real-time forensic STR analysis.
On-site DNA typing using this technology is feasible for immediate identification of individuals from biological evidence at crime scenes.
This advancement holds significant potential for improving forensic investigations and real-time human identification processes.