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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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The function of brachioradialis.

Michael R Boland1, Tracy Spigelman, Tim L Uhl

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0284, USA. mbola2@uky.edu

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brachioradialis muscle primarily stabilizes the elbow during flexion, with greater activation during concentric than eccentric movements. It also acts as a secondary pronator, showing increased activity during pronation tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Anatomy
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • The precise functional role of the brachioradialis muscle remains a subject of debate.
  • Understanding its primary and secondary functions is crucial for fields like sports medicine and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary and secondary functions of the brachioradialis muscle.
  • To analyze brachioradialis activation patterns under various loading conditions and forearm positions using electromyography (EMG).

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy participants performed elbow flexion exercises with varying forearm positions (neutral, pronation, supination) and loads.
  • Electromyography (EMG) of the brachioradialis and kinematic data were collected.
  • EMG data were normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contractions and statistically analyzed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in brachioradialis activation were observed across the three forearm positions during elbow flexion.
  • Concentric phases of elbow flexion showed significantly higher EMG activity (23% MVIC) compared to eccentric phases (11% MVIC).
  • Higher EMG activity was noted during concentric pronation and eccentric supination with heavier loads compared to concentric supination and eccentric pronation.

Conclusions:

  • The brachioradialis muscle functions primarily as a consistent elbow stabilizer during flexion, irrespective of forearm position.
  • A secondary function as a pronator is suggested by increased EMG activity during pronation tasks compared to supination tasks.