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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo

Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo

Published on: July 11, 2010

Animal eggs for stem cell research: a path not worth taking.

Francoise Baylis¹

¹Bioethics and Philosophy, Dalhousie University, 1234 Le Marchant Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. francoise.baylis@dal.ca

The American Journal of Bioethics : AJOB

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) licensed hybrid embryo research. Ethical concerns regarding embryo status, species boundaries, and potential harm to women suggest alternative regenerative medicine approaches.

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Area of Science:

Bioethics
Reproductive Medicine
Stem Cell Research

Background:

The debate on human embryonic stem cell research has historically centered on the moral status of the embryo.
Recent developments include the licensing of cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the ethical implications of humanesque cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research.
To evaluate the scientific and political context of HFEA's licensing decisions.
To propose alternative pathways for regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

Review of ethical arguments concerning species boundaries.
Elaboration of a novel argument regarding risks to egg providers.
Situating HFEA's decision within broader scientific and political discourse.

Main Results:

Existing ethical debates focus on embryo moral status.
New ethical concerns arise from crossing species boundaries and potential harm to women egg providers.
Humanesque cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research presents significant ethical challenges.

Conclusions:

Ethical concerns regarding embryo status, species boundaries, and potential harm to women provide grounds to avoid humanesque cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research.
Alternative, less ethically controversial methods should be prioritized for regenerative medicine.
The HFEA's decision warrants careful ethical consideration in light of these broader concerns.