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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Obesity and pregnancy--a risk profile.

M Voigt¹, S Straube, M Zygmunt

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Germany. manfred.voigt@kliniksued-rostock.de

Zeitschrift Fur Geburtshilfe Und Neonatologie

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Maternal obesity during pregnancy significantly increases risks for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, including hypertension and fetal macrosomia. Careful monitoring and pre-conceptional weight reduction are crucial for obese pregnant women.

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perinatal Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Maternal obesity is a growing global health concern.
Understanding its impact on pregnancy is critical for improving maternal and infant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
To examine the influence of maternal obesity on neonatal somatic classification.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study utilizing German perinatal statistics (1998-2000).
Inclusion of 499,267 singleton pregnancies.
Comparison of obese (BMI ≥ 30) versus normal-weight (BMI 18.50-24.99) pregnant women, with obesity categorized into three levels (BMI 30.00-34.99, 35.00-39.99, ≥ 40.00).

Main Results:

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was present in 10.3% of pregnancies; severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40) in 0.8%.
Hypertension, cephalopelvic disproportion, and fetal macrosomia rates significantly increased with higher maternal BMI categories.
Pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and fetal structural anomalies were also more frequent in obese women.

Conclusions:

Maternal obesity during pregnancy is strongly linked to a spectrum of adverse maternal and fetal complications.
Pregnancies in obese women require heightened surveillance and meticulous delivery planning.
Pre-conceptional weight management is recommended to mitigate risks.