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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

[Hypertrophy and coronary reserve].

W Motz1, S Scheler

  • 1Klinikum Karlsburg, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Karlsburg. Prof.Motz@drguth.de

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Arterial hypertension causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), potentially leading to angina due to reduced coronary flow. ACE-inhibitors and AT1-receptor blockers improve coronary flow and regress LVH.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Cardiovascular Adaptation

Background:

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a cardiac adaptation to chronic pressure overload in arterial hypertension.
  • Initially, concentric hypertrophy maintains normal LV systolic wall stress and ejection fraction.
  • Progressive disease leads to eccentric hypertrophy, increasing wall stress, myocardial oxygen consumption, and decreasing ejection fraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of arterial hypertension on left ventricular structure and function.
  • To explore the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary circulation, and angina pectoris.
  • To evaluate the effects of ACE-inhibitors and AT1-receptor blockers on coronary flow reserve and LVH.

Main Methods:

More Related Videos

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice
06:39

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2015

Dynamic Assessments of Coronary Flow Reserve after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice
05:07

Dynamic Assessments of Coronary Flow Reserve after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice

Published on: August 25, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats
06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice
06:39

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2015

Dynamic Assessments of Coronary Flow Reserve after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice
05:07

Dynamic Assessments of Coronary Flow Reserve after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice

Published on: August 25, 2023

  • Observational study analyzing cardiac structural changes in hypertension.
  • Assessment of coronary flow reserve and its correlation with clinical symptoms like angina.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions including ACE-inhibitors and AT1-receptor blockers.

    • Main Results:

    • Arterial hypertension induces adaptive changes in the left ventricle, progressing from concentric to eccentric hypertrophy.
    • Impaired coronary flow reserve, due to vascular changes, is linked to angina pectoris in hypertensive patients.
    • ACE-inhibitors and AT1-receptor blockers significantly improve coronary flow reserve and reduce left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is a dynamic process affecting cardiac function and coronary circulation.
    • Therapeutic strategies targeting the renin-angiotensin system can reverse detrimental cardiac remodeling and improve myocardial perfusion.