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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

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Psychosurgery

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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
04:22

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

When drugs and surgery don't work.

Gregory D Cascino1

  • 1Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. gcascino@mayo.edu

Epilepsia
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. Many adults with medically refractory partial epilepsy do not achieve seizure control with medication and may not be candidates for surgery.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
04:22

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting adults, with a 3.2% lifetime risk.
  • Approximately 90% of adult epilepsy cases are symptomatic partial or localization-related epilepsy.
  • The medial temporal lobe is the most common epileptogenic region, with pathologies including mesial temporal sclerosis, tumors, and developmental malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the management of adult patients with intractable partial seizure disorders.
  • To address medically refractory epilepsy that may not be surgically remediable.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epilepsy management and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of statistics regarding the prevalence of medically refractory epilepsy and surgical intervention rates in the US and UK.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of patients with partial epilepsy do not achieve seizure remission with pharmacotherapy.
  • An estimated 400,000 individuals in the US have medically refractory partial seizures.
  • A significant disparity exists between the number of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and the number of epilepsy surgeries performed.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial number of patients suffer from intractable partial epilepsy that is medically refractory.
  • Many patients with medically refractory epilepsy are not candidates for surgical remediation.
  • There is a significant unmet need in managing patients with intractable and medically refractory epilepsy.