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Nutrition in the space station era.

T P Stein1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - SOM, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA. tpstein@umdnj.edu

Nutrition Research Reviews
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Spaceflight causes significant muscle and bone loss due to reduced gravity. Astronauts face nutritional challenges, including reduced food intake and maintaining energy balance, impacting their return to Earth.

Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Space medicine
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Spaceflight significantly alters the human body's response to gravity.
  • Reduced mechanical loading affects the musculo-skeletal system, leading to tissue loss.
  • Physiological adaptations to microgravity pose challenges for astronaut health and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the physiological and nutritional adaptations of astronauts during spaceflight.
  • To identify the key challenges astronauts face in maintaining health and energy balance.
  • To inform strategies for sustaining human life in space and upon return to Earth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes in astronauts, including muscle and bone deconditioning.
  • Analysis of dietary intake and energy expenditure patterns during space missions.

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  • Assessment of nutritional status and potential deficiencies, such as Vitamin D synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Spaceflight leads to reductive remodeling of the musculo-skeletal system, with muscle protein loss and significant bone calcium loss (approx. 1% per month).
    • Voluntary dietary intake decreases by about 20%, and maintaining energy balance is difficult, especially with high exercise demands.
    • Low cabin lighting may impair Vitamin D synthesis, and protein intake, while adequate in-flight, may be limiting post-flight.

    Conclusions:

    • Astronauts experience significant physiological deconditioning during spaceflight, impacting their ability to readjust to Earth's gravity.
    • Nutritional strategies must address reduced intake, energy balance, and potential micronutrient deficiencies.
    • A well-balanced diet and adequate hydration are crucial for astronaut health, with long-term goals focusing on sustainable life support systems in space.