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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

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Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

New approaches to hydrogen storage.

¹Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. graetz@bnl.gov

Chemical Society Reviews

|December 18, 2008

Summary

Developing advanced metal hydrides is key for the Hydrogen Economy. These materials offer safe, compact hydrogen storage solutions for automotive fuel cells.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Energy Storage

Background:

The transition to a Hydrogen Economy necessitates innovative hydrogen storage solutions.
Current storage methods face challenges in safety, weight, and volume.
Metal hydrides and complex hydrides present promising avenues for chemical hydrogen bonding.

Purpose of the Study:

To review metal and complex hydrides for hydrogen storage.
To identify materials with high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density.
To address requirements for low-temperature automotive fuel cells.

Main Methods:

Overview of various metal hydride and complex hydride types.
Discussion of on-board (reversible) and off-board (non-reversible) storage applications.

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

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Published on: May 15, 2015

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Exploration of novel approaches to enhance hydrogenation-dehydrogenation kinetics and thermodynamics.

Main Results:

Metal hydrides offer chemically bonded hydrogen storage.
Tunable thermodynamic and kinetic properties are crucial for material development.
Research focuses on optimizing materials for specific hydrogen storage applications.

Conclusions:

Metal and complex hydrides are vital for advancing hydrogen storage technologies.
Material properties must be tailored for automotive fuel cell applications.
Continued research into improving hydrogenation-dehydrogenation is essential for a viable Hydrogen Economy.