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Adsorption Isotherms I

Adsorption Isotherms I

Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed molecules.Consider the...

Adsorption Isotherms II

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Published on: February 21, 2017

A novel isotherm, modeling self-assembled monolayer adsorption and structural changes.

Andrew P Henderson¹, Lalitesh N Seetohul, Andrew K Dean

¹School of Science and Technology, and Spartan Nano, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. andrew.p.henderson@hotmail.co.uk

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|December 19, 2008

Summary

A new model describes self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation, detailing lying-down and standing-up structures over time. This provides optimal immersion times for MPA SAMs on gold, improving surface property design.

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Determining Surface Areas and Pore Volumes of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Area of Science:

Surface science
Materials chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are crucial for applications like sensors and catalysis.
SAM structure significantly impacts surface properties and application performance.
Two distinct SAM growth phases, lying-down and standing-up, are known.

Purpose of the Study:

To understand the formation kinetics of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) SAMs on gold.
To develop a new model for SAM adsorption that accounts for all formation phases.
To predict optimal immersion times for saturated MPA monolayers on gold.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure adsorption isotherms at various temperatures (4-40°C).
Infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) to confirm SAM structure.
Development of a novel monolayer adsorption isotherm model.

Main Results:

The proposed isotherm model accurately represents all SAM adsorption phases, unlike previous models.
The model predicts the optimal immersion time for MPA SAMs on gold.
Temperature effects on formation rate and monolayer disorder are accounted for.

Conclusions:

A new, comprehensive model for SAM adsorption kinetics has been developed.
This model enables precise control over SAM structure and surface properties.
The model has broad applicability for other SAM systems and sequential adsorption processes.