Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Tennis Elbow Among Players].

Harefuah·2026
Same author

[MAIGNE'S THORACOLUMBAR JUNCTION SYNDROME].

Harefuah·2024
Same author

[OCULAR DISEASES, FALLS AND HIP FRACTURES].

Harefuah·2024
Same author

[ABOUT ZONDA, PENROSE, STENT AND HEBREW AS A BONDWOMAN: SHOULD WE SEASON OUR LANGUAGE OR RATHER IMMERSE INTO IT?]

Harefuah·2022
Same author

[ON THE BED AND BESIDE IT].

Harefuah·2021
Same author

Paraparesis after Spinal Anesthesia During Delivery.

Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja·2019
Same journal

A "Common Sense" Surgical Approach to Motor Shoulder Dysfunction Diagnosed as CRPS I/II Following Projectile Injuries to the Regio Deltoidea in the Late Stages of Ballistic Trauma.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2026
Same journal

Wrist Circumference-Dependent Thresholds for the Median Nerve in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Cross-Cohort Comparison.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2026
Same journal

Nerve Transfer for Triceps Reinnervation in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Injury: Long-Term Functional Results.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2026
Same journal

Traumatic Upper Extremity Nerve Lesions in Children: High-Resolution Nerve Ultrasound Can Improve Surgical Outcome.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2025
Same journal

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 50 Most Cited Articles on Iatrogenic Nerve Injuries of the Upper Limb Following Surgery.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2025
Same journal

Fascicular Injury in True Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Associated with Manual and Shockwave Therapies: A Case Report.

Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery
05:56

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery

Published on: October 19, 2021

Axillary nerve conduction changes in hemiplegia.

Atzmon Tsur1, Haim Ring

  • 1Rehabilitation Department, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel. atzmon.tsur@naharia.health.gov.il

Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Axillary nerve conduction changes, including slower latency and reduced amplitude, are common after stroke-induced hemiplegia due to shoulder subluxation. Screening nerve conduction studies are recommended for hemiplegic patients to detect peripheral neuropathy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery
05:56

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery

Published on: October 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Hemiplegia following stroke often leads to shoulder subluxation.
  • This subluxation can potentially affect peripheral nerves, including the axillary nerve.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate axillary nerve conduction changes in hemiplegic patients with shoulder subluxation.
  • To assess the utility of nerve conduction studies for identifying peripheral neuropathy in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Nerve conduction studies (latency, CMAP amplitude) of the axillary nerve were performed on 22 hemiplegic patients.
  • Paralyzed shoulders were compared to sound shoulders.
  • Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney test.

Main Results:

  • Significantly increased motor nerve conduction latency (p < 0.001) and decreased CMAP amplitude (p < 0.001) were observed in paralyzed shoulders.
  • These electrophysiological changes were evident within six weeks post-stroke.
  • Results were consistent across both right and left hemiplegic sides.

Conclusions:

  • Shoulder subluxation in hemiplegia can cause demyelination or axonopathy of the axillary nerve.
  • Reduced nerve conduction velocity may also be influenced by skin temperature and muscle atrophy.
  • Routine screening nerve conduction studies are valuable for hemiplegic patients.