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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

[Diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy].

Katrine Laura Rasmussen1, Caroline S Laugesen, Nigel Datta

  • 1Center for Gravide med Diabetes, Endokrinologisk klinik, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 København Ø. Em@rh.dk

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic retinopathy progression during pregnancy is a significant concern, particularly for women with type 1 diabetes and high HbA1c levels. Early pregnancy screening is crucial for managing this sight-threatening condition.

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Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Context:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) poses a risk during pregnancy.
  • Gestational diabetes can exacerbate existing retinopathy.
  • Monitoring DR progression in pregnant women is essential.

Purpose:

  • To assess the prevalence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • To identify predictors of DR progression during gestation.
  • To evaluate the clinical impact of DR development in pregnancy.

Summary:

  • Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 62% of type 1 and 17% of type 2 diabetes patients at 10 weeks gestation.
  • Retinopathy progressed in 34% of participants, with some developing proliferative DR, macular edema, or visual acuity reduction.
  • Elevated HbA1c in early pregnancy (OR=1.75) was the sole significant predictor of DR progression.

Impact:

  • High HbA1c levels in early pregnancy significantly increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy progression.
  • Gestational diabetic retinopathy can lead to sight-threatening complications.
  • This study highlights the need for vigilant monitoring and management of diabetic retinopathy in pregnant populations.