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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Predictors of time-based prospective memory in children.

Rachael J Mackinlay1, Matthias Kliegel, Timo Mäntylä

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|December 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Older children show better time-based prospective memory than younger children. This improvement is linked to enhanced planning and task switching abilities, reflecting developing executive functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for daily functioning.
  • Understanding age-related changes in PM, especially time-based PM, is vital for developmental research.
  • Executive functions are hypothesized to underpin PM development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age differences in time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in school-aged children.
  • To identify cognitive correlates of age-related performance in TBPM.
  • To explore the role of executive functions in TBPM development.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 56 children aged 7–12 years completed a TBPM task.
  • Performance metrics included prospective memory accuracy, ongoing task performance, and time monitoring.
  • Additional assessments covered time estimation, working memory, task switching, and planning.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive correlation was found between age and TBPM performance, independent of ongoing task demands.
  • Developmental differences in time monitoring strategies were observed, with older children employing more strategic approaches.
  • Planning and task switching abilities significantly explained age-related variance in TBPM performance.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related improvements in time-based prospective memory are evident in school-aged children.
  • Executive functions, particularly planning and task switching, are key cognitive resources supporting TBPM development.
  • Findings support the role of developing executive functions in strategic behavior and prospective memory across childhood.