[Vascular effects of ginseng compounds].

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Cardiovascular Research
• Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

• Ginsenosides, active compounds from Panax ginseng, are known for diverse biological activities.
• Vascular dysfunction is a key factor in numerous cardiovascular diseases.
• Understanding the vascular effects of natural compounds like ginsenosides is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze the in vivo and in vitro vascular effects of ginsenosides.
• To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying ginsenoside-mediated vascular protection.
• To evaluate the impact of ginsenosides on endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of published literature on ginsenosides' vascular effects.
• Analysis of studies investigating endothelial cell responses (NO synthesis, proliferation, apoptosis, VEGF secretion).
• Evaluation of effects on isolated arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Main Results:

• Ginsenosides improve arterial tolerance to oxidative stress, hypoxia-reoxygenation, and homocysteine.
• These compounds modulate nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion.
• Ginsenosides effectively inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

• Ginsenosides exhibit significant protective effects on vascular tissues and cells.
• Their mechanisms involve interactions with steroid hormone receptors, proteinkinases, NO-synthase, and ion channels.
• Ginsenosides represent a promising class of natural compounds for cardiovascular health.