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Ostomy Care

Ostomy Care

Introduction
An ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening from the intestines to the outside of the body, allowing for the rerouting of effluent. This opening is known as a stoma. A stoma usually protrudes above the skin surface, appearing pink or red, moist, and round, and it lacks nerve sensations.
There are different types of ostomies, including colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies:

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

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Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23.

Kingsley L Simmons¹, Jane A Smith, Atsuko Maekawa

¹University of Hertfordshire, Hillside House, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. k.simmons@herts.ac.uk

Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing : Official Publication of the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society

|December 20, 2008

Summary

The Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23) is a new, reliable tool for measuring psychosocial adjustment after ostomy surgery. It helps researchers and clinicians assess patient progress effectively.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Psychosocial Adjustment
Medical Device Development
Patient Outcomes

Background:

Ostomy surgery significantly impacts patients' psychosocial well-being.
Accurate assessment tools are crucial for monitoring adjustment and informing care.
Existing measures may not fully capture the multidimensional aspects of ostomy adjustment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23).
To create a self-report, multidimensional scale for assessing psychosocial adjustment in ostomy patients.

Main Methods:

Development of the OAI-23, a multidimensional self-report scale.
Data collected from 570 individuals with colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy.
Psychometric properties evaluated using reliability (Cronbach's alpha, split-half, test-retest) and validity analyses.

Main Results:

The OAI-23 demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .93, split-half = 0.91, test-retest (r) = 0.83).
The scale showed positive correlations with the Acceptance of Illness Scale (r = 0.72).
Factor analysis identified four factors accounting for 55.4% of the variance, supporting its multidimensionality.

Conclusions:

The OAI-23 is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring psychosocial adjustment in ostomy patients.
This inventory will benefit researchers studying life after stoma surgery.
Clinicians can use the OAI-23 for objective patient progress assessments.