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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Published on: December 18, 2016

Inherent fat cancellation in complementary spatial modulation of magnetization.

Ahmed S Fahmy1, Tamer A Basha, Nael F Osman

  • 1Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. fahmy@k-space.org

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an efficient fat suppression technique for MR tagging, improving water signal contrast and canceling fat signals. The method enhances imaging speed and reduces echo time without extending scan duration.

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Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol
07:59

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) tagging is crucial for cardiovascular imaging.
  • Effective fat suppression is essential for accurate MR tagging analysis.
  • Current fat suppression methods can limit temporal resolution and increase scan time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an efficient fat suppression technique for MR tagging.
  • To improve tagging contrast and reduce artifacts from fat signals.
  • To enable higher temporal resolution and shorter echo times in MR tagging sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM) for fat suppression.
  • Application of complementary modulation to water and in-phase modulation to fat.
  • Image reconstruction via subtraction to enhance water tagging and cancel fat tagging lines.
  • Testing on MR phantoms and human volunteers at 1.5T and 3.0T scanners.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient fat suppression using the CSPAMM technique.
  • Achieved increased tagging contrast for water signals.
  • Successfully canceled fat tagging lines during image reconstruction.
  • Validated feasibility on both 1.5T and 3.0T MR scanners.
  • Showcased potential for higher temporal resolution and shorter echo times.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CSPAMM-based fat suppression method is effective for MR tagging.
  • This technique offers advantages in temporal resolution and echo time reduction.
  • The method is feasible across different magnetic field strengths (1.5T and 3.0T).