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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Single-shot magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with partial parallel imaging.

Stefan Posse1, Ricardo Otazo, Shang-Yueh Tsai

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA. sposse@unm.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) method enables rapid, 2D metabolite mapping in a single scan. This advanced proton-echo-planar-spectroscopic-imaging (PEPSI) technique is ideal for tracking dynamic biological processes and reducing motion artifacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Spectroscopy
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) is crucial for non-invasive metabolite quantification.
  • Conventional MRSI techniques can be limited by long acquisition times and sensitivity to motion.
  • Developing faster MRSI methods is essential for clinical applications requiring high temporal resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel single-shot, 2D MRSI pulse sequence based on proton-echo-planar-spectroscopic-imaging (PEPSI).
  • To assess the performance of this new sequence in terms of speed, sensitivity, and metabolite quantification accuracy.
  • To demonstrate its utility for applications requiring rapid data acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • A novel MRSI pulse sequence combining echo-planar spatial-spectral encoding with interleaved phase encoding and SENSE parallel imaging was developed.
  • The sequence utilizes a symmetrical k-space trajectory to correct phase errors.
  • Evaluations were performed in phantoms and in vivo using a 3-T scanner with a 12-channel coil, employing four-step interleaved phase encoding and fourfold SENSE acceleration.

Main Results:

  • The single-shot MRSI method achieved comparable sensitivity per unit time to conventional PEPSI and SENSE-accelerated PEPSI, considering noise and sampling efficiency.
  • In vivo quantification of metabolites including inositol, choline, creatine, and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) was successfully performed using LCModel fitting.
  • Cramer-Rao lower bounds for metabolite quantification were comparable to conventional SENSE-accelerated PEPSI at the same voxel size and measurement duration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed single-shot MRSI sequence offers a significant advancement in temporal resolution for metabolite mapping.
  • This method is well-suited for applications demanding high temporal resolution, such as monitoring dynamic biological changes or minimizing motion artifacts.
  • The technique provides accurate metabolite quantification, making it a valuable tool for research and potential clinical use.