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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Pulmonary Structural MRI using Free-Breathing, Self-Gated Ultra-short Echo Time Imaging
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Pulmonary Structural MRI using Free-Breathing, Self-Gated Ultra-short Echo Time Imaging

Published on: September 6, 2024

Lung imaging under free-breathing conditions.

Markus Oechsner1, Eberhard D Pracht, Daniel Staeb

  • 1Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. oechsner@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel navigator echo technique for free-breathing lung MRI. This method overcomes motion artifacts, improving image quality for morphological and functional lung imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Respiratory motion and cardiac pulsatility cause artifacts in lung MRI, limiting image quality and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Current techniques like breath-holding or ECG-triggering have limitations in acquisition time and resolution.
  • Existing free-breathing methods (respiratory gating, navigator echoes) often suffer from poor resolution and introduce new artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement advanced acquisition schemes using non-phase encoded navigator echoes for free-breathing lung MRI.
  • To improve artifact reduction and signal quality in morphological and functional lung imaging.
  • To enable accurate oxygen-enhanced T(2)(*) quantification during free respiration.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of non-phase encoded navigator echo acquisition schemes into 3D Gradient Echo (GE), 2D multislice Turbo Spin Echo (TSE), and multi-Gradient Echo sequences.
  • Utilized navigator echoes for real-time monitoring of respiratory motion and electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering for cardiac cycle correction.
  • Performed imaging at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 0.2T magnetic field strengths.

Main Results:

  • Successfully acquired artifact-free lung images during free respiration across different MRI sequences.
  • Navigator echoes effectively monitored respiratory motion and provided ECG-trigger signals without impacting imaged slices.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of oxygen-enhanced T(2)(*) quantification using the developed free-breathing sequences.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-phase encoded navigator echo technique significantly reduces motion artifacts in free-breathing lung MRI.
  • This approach enhances image quality and enables reliable functional lung imaging, including oxygen-enhanced T(2)(*) quantification.
  • The method offers a valuable alternative to breath-hold or ECG-triggered imaging, improving patient comfort and diagnostic accuracy.