[Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) associated with HIV-1 infection: first Senegalese case report]

The "Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome" [DILS] is a seldom complication and even very particular case of HIV-1 infection, characterized by a merely syndrome and a systemic symptomatology superimposable to the figure met during the Gougerot-Sjögren Syndrome. GSS is nevertheless underlied by a lymphocyte infiltrate composed mainly of TCD8+ lymphocytes, while in the Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome (GSS), the lymphocyte infiltrate is essentially composed of TCD4+ lymphocytes. Despite the antiquity and significance of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the DILS is not according to our knowledge individualized in the African literature.

We are reporting a case revealed by a polyarthritis associated among others with a merely syndrome and a HIV-1 infection in a 32 years old Senegalese patient. Her CD4 rate was 327/mm3 and her viral load 17052. The biopsy of the accessory salivary glands showed a 4 grade lymphocite sialoadenitis according to Chisholm classification. The investigation of rheumatoid factors et anti-nuclear antibodies was negative. Under prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and tritherapy treatment, the evolution was favourable with a current return of 2 years. The rarity of DILS has pushed us to study its epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, physiopathological and therapeutical aspects.