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Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

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According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

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Published on: April 8, 2020

Block correlated coupled cluster method with a complete-active-space self-consistent-field reference function: the

Tao Fang1, Jun Shen, Shuhua Li

  • 1Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method, Complete Active Space Block Correlated Coupled Cluster (CAS-BCCC4), accurately calculates electronic excited states. This computational chemistry advancement provides reliable excitation energies for various molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Theoretical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate calculation of electronic excited states is crucial for understanding molecular properties and reactions.
  • Existing methods face challenges in balancing accuracy and computational cost for excited-state calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize the Block Correlated Coupled Cluster (BCCC) theory for low-lying electronic excited states.
  • To develop and implement an efficient CAS-BCCC4 method for excited-state investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Generalization of CAS-BCCC theory for excited states.
  • Truncation of the cluster operator to the four-block correlation level (CAS-BCCC4).
  • Application to study potential energy surfaces and excitation energies of small molecules.

Main Results:

  • Efficient implementation of the CAS-BCCC4 method.
  • Accurate calculation of excited-state potential energy surfaces for HF and C2.
  • Reliable evaluation of adiabatic and vertical excitation energies for CH2, N2, and trans-1,3-butadiene.
  • Comparison with high-level theoretical methods (FCI, ICM RCI, CASPT2) shows excellent agreement.

Conclusions:

  • The CAS-BCCC4 approach provides high accuracy for low-lying excited states.
  • This method offers a computationally efficient and accurate tool for excited-state electronic structure calculations.