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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Small Molecule Compounds

Development of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Small Molecule Compounds

Published on: November 13, 2021

Development of a creatinine enzyme-based bar-code-style lateral-flow assay.

Ka-Kei Fung¹, Cangel Pui-Yee Chan, Reinhard Renneberg

¹Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|December 24, 2008

Summary

A novel enzyme-based assay offers a rapid, instrument-free method for semiquantitative creatinine measurement. This lateral-flow test provides a visual ladder bar result, simplifying creatinine detection in clinical settings.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Small Molecule Compounds

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Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Traditional creatinine assays often require specialized equipment and trained personnel.
Existing methods may not be suitable for rapid point-of-care testing.
There is a need for simple, visual, and quantitative methods for creatinine determination.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel lateral-flow, enzyme-based, bar-code assay for creatinine detection.
To utilize a combination of diffusion and kinetics for controlled TMB (3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine) release and horseradish peroxidase activity.
To provide a visual, ladder-bar result for semiquantitative creatinine measurement without requiring a reading device.

Main Methods:

Developed a lateral-flow assay strip incorporating enzyme-based reactions.
Utilized the principle of delayed TMB release and diffusion, controlled by horseradish peroxidase kinetics and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
The assay produces a ladder bar result indicating creatinine concentration.
Tested the assay with urine and serum samples, comparing results to the conventional Jaffé method.

Main Results:

The developed assay semiquantitatively measures creatinine concentrations from 0 to 400 microM.
The assay provides a visual ladder bar result, eliminating the need for instrumentation.
Testing on 30 urine samples showed 90.0% agreement with the Jaffé method.
Testing on 30 serum samples showed 86.7% agreement with the Jaffé method.
The assay can be performed in one step (9 min) or two steps (19 min).

Conclusions:

A novel, enzyme-based, lateral-flow assay for creatinine has been successfully developed.
The assay offers a rapid, instrument-free, and visually interpreted method for creatinine determination.
This assay shows high agreement with the conventional Jaffé method, indicating its potential for clinical application.