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Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Artificial Lung Device Priming for In Situ Fiber Bundle Surface Grafting

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Published on: March 28, 2025

Surface coatings for ventricular assist devices.

Dong-Choon Sin¹, Ho-Lun Kei, Xigeng Miao

¹Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. d.sin@qut.edu.au

Expert Review of Medical Devices

|December 25, 2008

Summary

Surface engineering of ventricular assist devices (VADs) improves blood compatibility. Diamond-like carbon and heparin coatings are most common for VAD hemocompatibility, ensuring device performance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Heart failure necessitates ventricular assist devices (VADs).
VADs require improved hemocompatibility to prevent complications.
Surface engineering is crucial for VAD blood compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review surface engineering strategies for VADs.
To evaluate hemocompatibility of various VAD surface coatings.
To highlight the importance of surface modification for VAD function.

Main Methods:

Review of six surface coating types for VADs: titanium nitride, diamond-like carbon, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer, heparin, textured surfaces, and endothelial cell linings.
Analysis of hemocompatibility, applications, and limitations of each coating.
Focus on commonly used diamond-like carbon and heparin coatings.

Main Results:

Diamond-like carbon and heparin coatings demonstrate excellent hemocompatibility, durability, and technical maturity for VADs.
These coatings are widely adopted due to their performance.
Surface modification is critical for VAD longevity and function.

Conclusions:

Surface engineering is vital for VAD hemocompatibility.
Optimized coatings enhance VAD performance and patient outcomes.
Continued research in surface modification will advance VAD technology.