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Related Experiment Videos

Model experiments with integrated optical input grating couplers as direct immunosensors.

P M Nellen1, W Lukosz

  • 1Optics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates a waveguide-based biosensor for detecting protein interactions. Researchers successfully monitored the formation of immuno-complexes and affinity reactions, enabling precise characterization of adsorbed proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optical waveguide sensors offer label-free detection of biomolecular interactions.
  • Characterizing protein adsorption and complex formation is crucial for biosensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate protein adsorption on optical waveguides using an input grating coupler.
  • To monitor the real-time formation of antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) immuno-complexes and protein A-h-IgG affinity reactions.
  • To determine the physical properties of adsorbed protein layers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an input grating coupler instrument with monomode optical waveguides.
  • Studied adsorption of human immunoglobulins G (h-IgG) and A (h-IgA), and avidin.
  • Monitored immuno-complex formation (Ag-Ab) and affinity reactions (Protein A-h-IgG).

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  • Measured changes in effective refractive indices (N(TE0), N(TM0)) for TE0 and TM0 modes.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully characterized adsorption of various proteins including h-IgG, h-IgA, and avidin.
    • Observed and quantified the formation of immuno-complexes (e.g., h-IgG/anti-h-IgG) and affinity interactions.
    • Determined adlayer thickness (dF), refractive index (nF), and surface coverage (gamma) of adsorbed proteins and immuno-complexes.

    Conclusions:

    • The waveguide-based optical instrument is effective for studying protein adsorption and biomolecular interactions.
    • This method allows for precise characterization of protein adlayers and immuno-complexes, relevant for immunoassay development.
    • The study provides insights into the physical parameters governing protein interactions on waveguide surfaces.