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Genetic characterization of the ABO blood group in Neandertals

Carles Lalueza-Fox1, Elena Gigli, Marco de la Rasilla

  • 1Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Barcelona, Spain. carles.lalueza@upf.edu

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|December 26, 2008
PubMed
Abstract

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.