Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Personal variation in the palatability and side effects of liquid clindamycin among children.

Pediatric research·2026

Same author

Viral infections alter the human salivary volatilome.

mSphere·2026

Same author

Exposure to low-sweet snacks and caregiver nutritional and dental health education lowered children's added sugar intake: a randomized controlled trial.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026

Same author

Free amino acid content in infant formulas.

Nutrition and food science·2026

Same author

Taste receptors and their ecological niches: cats, dogs, and other vertebrates.

Chemical senses·2025

Same author

Association Between Diet Patterns of Human Infants and Growth Differs Across Randomized Formula Groups in the First 18.5 Months.

The Journal of nutrition·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals

Published on: March 23, 2016

Optimizing oral medications for children.

Julie A Mennella¹, Gary K Beauchamp

¹Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. mennella@monell.org

Clinical Therapeutics

|December 26, 2008

Summary

Children reject bitter medicines due to well-developed sensory systems. Understanding pediatric flavor perception and developing new methods can improve medication acceptance and compliance in children.

Area of Science:

Pediatric pharmacology
Sensory science
Drug formulation

Background:

Children often reject medications due to bitter tastes and oral irritation.
Traditional adult medication forms (pills, capsules) are unsuitable for many children.
Poor medication adherence in children can lead to serious health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on children's sensory capabilities and preferences related to flavor.
To examine methods for evaluating flavor perception in pediatric populations.
To summarize advances in understanding and addressing bitter taste in pediatric pharmaceuticals.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of information from a workshop and working group discussions.
MEDLINE search covering 1970-2007 using terms related to pediatric sensory perception and pharmaceuticals.

More Related Videos

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals

Published on: March 23, 2016

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Discussion of novel approaches for evaluating palatability and predicting compliance.

Main Results:

Children possess advanced sensory systems for detecting tastes, smells, and irritants.
While sugars and some flavors can mask bitterness, universally appealing solutions are challenging due to individual differences.
New evaluation tools, including animal models and electronic sensors, show promise for assessing pediatric medication palatability.

Conclusions:

Applying basic research on chemical senses can improve children's acceptance of medicines.
Further development of sensory methods and new technologies will enhance drug acceptance and compliance.
Addressing the scientific basis of distaste in pediatric medications is a public health priority.