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Body composition: validity of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Joe LaForgia¹, Simon Gunn, Robert T Withers

¹School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition

|December 31, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Commercial bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scales show poor individual accuracy for body composition and total body water (TBW) estimation compared to criterion methods. This impacts the reliability of these widely used devices for health assessments.

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Area of Science:

Human Physiology
Biomedical Engineering
Body Composition Analysis

Background:

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates body composition using electrical impedance.
Commercially available BIA scales often use segmental measurements for whole-body estimates.
Limited validity data exists for these consumer-grade BIA devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare body composition estimates from a segmental BIA device (Tanita BC-532) against a four-compartment criterion model.
To assess the accuracy of BIA for estimating total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM).
To evaluate the hydration status of FFM derived from BIA measurements.

Main Methods:

BIA measurements were taken using a Tanita BC-532 scale.
A four-compartment criterion model was used, including body density, TBW, and bone mineral mass.
Body composition was assessed in 20 adult participants (9 males, 11 females).

Main Results:

Mean % body fat and fat-free mass (FFM) did not differ significantly between BIA and the criterion method.
Significant intra-individual differences were observed for %BF (-3.0 to 4.4) and FFM (-3.3 to 1.9 kg).
BIA significantly underestimated TBW (-0.6 to 3.6 kg) and resulted in a lower FFM hydration value (68.5% vs. 72.0%).

Conclusions:

The tested segmental BIA device demonstrated poor individual accuracy for body composition estimation.
Significant underestimation of TBW by BIA is a concern, impacting its utility.
The BIA device's accuracy is insufficient for reliable individual body composition assessment compared to criterion methods.