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Related Concept Videos

Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...

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Isolation and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin From Complex Matrices Using the BoTest Matrix Assays
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Isolation and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin From Complex Matrices Using the BoTest Matrix Assays

Published on: March 3, 2014

Botulism from drinking pruno.

Duc J Vugia1, Sundari R Mase, Barbara Cole

  • 1Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Bldg P, 2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804, USA. duc.vugia@cdph.ca.gov

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|January 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Foodborne botulism outbreaks occurred in California prisons due to illicitly brewed alcohol, known as pruno. These incidents led to hospitalizations and the need for intubation among inmates.

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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
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Area of Science:

  • Foodborne illness
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Foodborne botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum.
  • Illicit alcohol production, often referred to as 'pruno,' is a known risk in correctional facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on foodborne botulism outbreaks in California prisons.
  • To identify the source and vehicle of botulism in these outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Case investigation and outbreak analysis.
  • Identification of the consumed product as the likely source.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct outbreaks of foodborne botulism occurred in California prisons in 2004 and 2005.
  • A total of 5 inmates were affected, with 3 requiring intubation.
  • The implicated vehicle was identified as 'pruno,' an illicitly manufactured alcoholic beverage.

Conclusions:

  • Pruno poses a significant food safety risk within correctional facilities.
  • Preventive measures and education are crucial to mitigate botulism risks from illicit alcohol in prisons.