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Published on: October 18, 2021
Characterization of retrieved orthodontic miniscrew implants
Theodore Eliades1, Spiros Zinelis, Moschos A Papadopoulos
1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. teliades@ath.forthnet.gr
Summary
Used orthodontic miniscrew implants show surface changes like calcified integuments but no hardness increase. These titanium alloy devices maintain stability despite surface alterations and immediate loading.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontic Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Implantology
Background:
- Orthodontic miniscrew implants are crucial for anchorage.
- Understanding long-term changes in retrieved implants is essential for clinical success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize morphologic, structural, and compositional changes in used orthodontic miniscrew implants.
- To assess hardness variations in retrieved miniscrew implants.
Main Methods:
- Retrieval and multi-technique characterization of 11 miniscrew implants after 3.5–17.5 months of service.
- Analysis included optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray microanalysis, x-ray microtomography, and Vickers microhardness testing.
- Comparison with brand-, type-, and size-matched control specimens.
Main Results:
- Optical microscopy revealed loss of gloss and discoloration.
- Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis identified surface integuments composed of precipitated biological materials (NaCl, KCl, calcium-phosphorus).
- No bulk structural alterations or increased hardness (bulk or surface) were detected, ruling out strain hardening.
Conclusions:
- Used titanium alloy miniscrew implants undergo surface alterations, including calcified integument formation from biologic fluid contact.
- Despite smooth surfaces and immediate loading, osseointegration may be enhanced by prolonged retention in alveolar bone.