Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Effects of Rapid Periodontal Distraction on Tooth Vitality and Bone Quality/Quantity: A Split-Mouth Experimental Design.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2026

Same author

The effects of dietary loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2024

Same author

How does arch form and interproximal contact size affect the 3D displacements and rotations of teeth: a finite element analysis.

Dental press journal of orthodontics·2024

Same author

Short-term effects of mechanical loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2023

Same author

Differences in finished case quality between Invisalign and traditional fixed appliances.

The Angle orthodontist·2022

Same author

The efficacy of fluoride varnish vs a filled resin sealant for preventing white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment.

The Angle orthodontist·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Age-dependant cephalometric standards as determined by multilevel modeling.

Arjen F van Diepenbeek¹, Peter H Buschang, Birte Prahl-Andersen

¹Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. diepenbeek@hetnet.nl

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

|January 6, 2009

Summary

Cephalometric standards for white subjects are not feasible due to differing growth patterns in jaw relationships. Age-dependent data from multiple studies show significant variations, advising against indiscriminate data pooling.

More Related Videos

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Craniofacial development
Orthodontics
Anthropometry

Background:

Establishing age-dependent cephalometric standards for white subjects is challenging.
Previous research has not adequately addressed variations across different populations.
Understanding growth patterns is crucial for accurate orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility of creating age-dependent cephalometric standards for white subjects.
To compare cephalometric growth data from three distinct international samples.
To identify potential variations in craniofacial growth among different white populations.

Main Methods:

Utilized three mixed-longitudinal data sets: Fels (US), Michigan (US), and Nijmegen (Netherlands).
Analyzed data from 218 girls and 231 boys aged 9-14 years.
Compared four key cephalometric angles (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN/GoMe) using curve-fitting and multilevel modeling.

Main Results:

All four cephalometric angles exhibited linear changes over time (SNA/SNB increased, ANB/SN/GoMe decreased).
Statistically significant differences in growth velocities (50%) and intercepts (8-17%) were observed between samples.
While SNA and SNB showed minor differences, ANB and SN/GoMe displayed notable variations, particularly between sexes and samples, though most differences diminished over time.

Conclusions:

Sagittal and vertical jaw relationships demonstrate distinct growth patterns across different white subject samples.
Indiscriminate pooling of cephalometric data from diverse white populations is not recommended for creating reliable age-dependent standards.
Population-specific cephalometric data is essential for accurate craniofacial analysis and orthodontic treatment.