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Updated: Jun 26, 2026
07:06
A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Asymmetric gold-catalyzed hydroarylation/cyclization reactions
Chung-Meng Chao1, Maxime R Vitale, Patrick Y Toullec
1Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique et Produits Naturels, UMR 7573, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris rue P. et M. Curie, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 6, 2009
Summary
No abstract available in PubMed .
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02:17Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
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The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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02:24Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
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Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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02:36Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
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02:47Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
02:40Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Introduction
Analogous to alkenes, alkynes also undergo acid-catalyzed hydration. While the addition of water to an alkene gives an alcohol, hydration of alkynes produces different products such as aldehydes and ketones.
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The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.