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Related Concept Videos

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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Menses Phase

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Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Published on: October 4, 2024

Perimenstrual headache: treatment options.

Katherine A Henry1, Carl I Cohen

  • 1Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NBV7W11, New York, NY 10016, USA. katherine.henry@nyumc.org

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|January 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Menstrual migraine (MM) affects many women, likely due to hormonal changes. Treatments like triptans and estradiol show effectiveness, with other medications offering promise for managing these severe headaches.

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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Published on: June 2, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
05:36

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Published on: October 4, 2024

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Menstrual migraine (MM) affects at least half of women with migraines, indicating a hormonal influence.
  • Estrogen is implicated in the neurobiology and pathophysiology of migraine headaches.
  • MM may be more severe and treatment-resistant compared to migraines at other cycle times, particularly in treated populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the hormonal basis of menstrual migraine.
  • To discuss the efficacy of various treatments for menstrual migraine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of basic science and clinical studies on menstrual migraine.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for different therapeutic agents.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen fluctuations are linked to migraine pathophysiology.
  • Triptans are effective for acute and short-term preventive treatment of MM.
  • Estradiol demonstrates efficacy as a short-term preventive treatment for MM.
  • Combination therapies (sumatriptan-naproxen sodium) and rizatriptan with dexamethasone show potential for MM treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal changes, particularly estrogen, play a significant role in menstrual migraine.
  • Several pharmacological options, including triptans, estradiol, and combination therapies, are effective for managing MM.
  • Further research into MM pathophysiology and treatment is warranted.