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Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

Experimental models for nephropathy.

Pitchal Balakumar¹, Vishal Arvind Chakkarwar, Vijay Kumar

¹Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Moga, India. pbala2006@gmail.com

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS

|January 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nephropathy, a growing health concern, involves kidney damage and declining function. This review explores animal models to understand disease mechanisms and develop new therapies for nephropathy.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Pathophysiology
Pharmacology

Background:

Nephropathy is a major cause of illness and death, with increasing prevalence in industrialized countries.
Characterized by nodular glomerulosclerosis, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and mesangial expansion, leading to reduced glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, hypertension, and fluid retention.
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are key risk factors driving nephropathy progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review various animal models used in nephropathy research.
To enhance understanding of nephropathy pathogenesis.
To identify potential avenues for developing novel nephropathy therapeutics.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on animal models for nephropathy.
Analysis of signaling pathways implicated in nephropathy.
Discussion of the utility of animal models in drug discovery for nephropathy.

Main Results:

Several signaling systems, including vasoconstrictor peptides, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, are involved in nephropathy pathogenesis.
Current therapeutic options for nephropathy are limited due to incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms.
Animal models offer a platform for studying disease progression and testing potential treatments.

Conclusions:

A deeper understanding of nephropathy pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Various animal models are instrumental in elucidating disease mechanisms and facilitating drug development for nephropathy.
Further research utilizing these models may lead to promising new therapies for nephropathy.